The technical terms, briefly explained

A compact summary of the work (aim, method, result) in half a page.

Acknowledging others’ ideas following a fixed style (APA, Harvard …).

A short plan of the work: question, relevance, method, timeline and outline.

A testable assumption about a relationship that you confirm or refute.

The justified approach by which you answer your research question.

Making abstract concepts measurable (e.g. "satisfaction" → a 1–5 scale).

Assessment by independent experts before publication.

Passing off others’ ideas as your own without citing — the gravest breach.

Primary = the original; secondary = someone writing about the original.

Explores meanings and depth (e.g. interviews) rather than numbers.

Measures and counts to test patterns statistically (e.g. surveys).

Consistency: a measurement yields the same result when repeated.

The one precise question your work answers — its backbone.

The selected subset you study and relate back to the whole population.

Producing knowledge systematically, transparently and verifiably according to fixed rules.

You actually measure what you intend to measure.